Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous
and pruritic skin lesions. In recent decades, the prevalence of AD has increased worldwide,
most notably in developing countries. The enormous progress in our understanding of the
complex composition and functions of the epidermal barrier allows for a deeper appreciation
of the active role that the skin barrier plays in the initiation and maintenance of skin
inflammation. The epidermis forms a physical, chemical, immunological, neuro-sensory, and …